Clotting Factors - names and list

Proteins in the BLOOD that are essential for COAGULATION. Clotting factors circulate in the blood as inert proteins until the coagulation cascade initiates their conversion into participants in blood clotting. Clotting factors interact with each other as well as other enzymes in the blood, notably fibrin and thrombin, to form blood clots. Deficiencies of specific clotting factors cause coagulation disorders such as HEMOPHILIA (excessive bleeding) and thrombophilia (excessive clot formation). The LIVER produces clotting factors I (fibrinogen), II (prothrombin), V (proaccelerin), VII (cothromboplastin), IX (PLASMA thromboplastin), and X (Stuart-Prower factor).

CLOTTING FACTORS
Clotting FactorCommon NameFunction
antithrombin antithrombin III, antithrombin III,
COAGULATION inhibitor, AT-III
regulates thrombin, factor IX, factor X, factor XI, and factor XII to inhibit the coagulation cascade
factor I fibrinogen forms fibrin clot after activation by thrombin in the final common pathway
factor II prothrombin together with factor Xa prothrombinase converts prothrombin into active thrombin, which in turn helps PLATELET AGGREGATION
factor III tissue factor initiates extrinsic coagulation cascade following vascular injury
cofactor with factors VII, VIII, and IX in activating factor X
cofactor in activation of factor VII
factor IV calcium required at several points in the coagulation cascade
factor V proaccelerin or accelerator globulin necessary to stop coagulation cascade at the end
factor VI accelerin, factor Va activated form of factor V
together with factor X converts prothrombin to thrombin in the final common pathway
factor VII serum prothrombin conversion accelerator (SPCA) or cothromboplastin activates factor X when calcium and factor III (tissue factor) are present
factor VIII antihemophilic factor A activates platelet aggregation and adhesion cofactor with factor IX in activating factor X
factor IX Christmas factor, antihemophilic factor B, or plasma thromboplastin component (PTC) cofactor with factor VIII in activating factor X (vitamin K-dependent)
factor X Stuart factor or Stuart-Prower factor activated by complex of tenase (factors VII and IX), factor VII, and calcium to enable platelet aggregation
Initiates conversion of factor II (prothrombin) to thrombin
factor XI plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA) in the intrinsic pathway, activates factor IX when calcium is present
factor XII Hageman factor activates factor XI, thereby starting the intrinsic pathway
binds to exposed collagen at site of intravascular injury
factor XIII fibrin stabilizing factor (FSF), fibrinoligase, fibrinase, plasma transglutaminase, Laki-Lorand factor, LL factor, LLF, or protransglutaminase cross-links and stabilizes fibrin clot after activation by thrombin
needs calcium as cofactor
high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) contact activation factor, Fitzgerald factor, Flaujeac factor, Williams-Fitzgerald-Flaujeac factor, or Williams factor activates factor XII early in the intrinsic pathway
prekallikrein Fletcher factor or prokallikrein activates factor XII at very beginning of the intrinsic pathway
protein C anticoagulant protein C limits functions of factor V and factor VIII
with cofactor protein S, inhibits thrombin to block fibrin clot formation
protein S anticoagulant cofactor protein S limits functions of factor V and factor VIII
as cofactor for protein C, inhibits thrombin to block fibrin clot formation
thrombomodulin fetomodulin cell surface receptor that binds excess thrombin, thus inhibiting dangerous clot formation

See also ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; ASPIRIN THERAPY.

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